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Actress Lee Yoon-ji shows chocolate of her own making at the Jonggak branch of Café Jubilee chocolatier on Wednesday,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. The proceeds will be donated to Jirani Children's Choir of Kenya,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. /Newsis相关的主题文章：

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The film "Late Autumn" by director Kim Tae-young has been invited to the 61st Berlin International Film Festival. It will screen in the Forum section of the Berlinale, which kicks off on Feb. 10 and is one of the world's three major film festivals.

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Weekend jobs include options like:
-Retail outlets: generally they require extra staff on the weekends,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
By Michael Smith
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Author's Bio:&nbsp,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych];
We all know that inflation is on rise these days. And, it’s getting difficult for people to meet all their expenses in a fixed monthly salary. Thus, sometimes either they need to delay their unwanted expenses like paying of medical bills, bills for stay at hospital, renovation of home, payment for credit/ debit card dues, and purchasing a loan for meeting that out. They might be in need of money for certain of the car, electricity bills,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], debt consolidation, examination fees,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], wedding, traveling, etc. so,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], what they can do is they can utilize their spare time to learn something and earn some money. Thus, they can work in their spare time and earn some money which they can probably save or spend whatever they wish to. So,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], doing some job on weekends is known as weekend jobs. Moreover, it would add to their experience as well.
-Health care departments: hospitals always work 24*7,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. They are always in need for nurses.
-Tutors: Providing coaching at one’s own place to the needy students is one of the best ways to earn money.
So, now don’t waste your time and start searching for a job of your own choice today. Now, you don’t need to get troubled with your expenses as you can earn some extra income now and spend whenever required. Or you can also save it to make your future secure.
-Housekeeping: people don’t get time to clean the house during the week-days. On the weekends,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], they are tired to do it. So, this is also a good option
One can look for a weekend job of his/her own choice depending upon their capabilities. Anyone can opt for such jobs whether a mother, an aged, a teenager, a retired person,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], etc. these kind of jobs have many advantages like choice of work, comfort of doing work from one’s own home as well,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], getting add-on experience, increase in contacts and many more also. The best way to find such jobs is through advertisements, newspapers, employment agencies etc. also,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], online searching is very beneficial in this case. Among online jobs,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], different available options are data entry jobs, articles writing jobs, pay per click jobs, email reading jobs, etc.
-Waiters or waitresses: this is one of the most widespread jobs for students.
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Around 30 graduates and students of Yeomyung School,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], which provides education programs for young North Koreans here,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], gathered in front of the Chinese Embassy in Seoul on Wednesday afternoon. They wept as they shouted, "Save our friends,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]," calling on Beijing not to repatriate a group of North Koreans who were arrested in China.
North Korean defectors are extremely wary of their identities being exposed because they fear that North Korean security forces scour the South Korean media to gather details about them and then send their families in the North to prison camps. It is extremely rare for 100 defectors to show up in front of throngs of reporters. One young North Korean defector attended the protest wearing a surgical mask and said, "I came here knowing that my life may be at risk." He is probably right.
In 2007,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], five North Koreans who defected to South Korea,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], said the South Korean government gave the media information that revealed their identities,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and as a result they lost contact with 26 of their family members and do not know whether they are alive or dead. The defectors sued the government, and the Seoul High Court last year ordered the government to pay W120 million (US$1=W1,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],126) compensation to each of them.
The reason why these young North Koreans chose to take that risk is because they know better than anyone else what horrors await people who they are sent back. The students said they felt a kinship with the endangered group of defectors and had to do something,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
They were joined by 20 celebrities including actor Cha In-pyo who offered their support,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], knowing how hard it is for North Korean defectors to make the decision to appear in public. Cha said, "Rescuing North Korean defectors has nothing to do with politics or diplomacy,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but it is a matter of conscience."
But the Chinese Foreign Ministry is adamant about repatriating the defectors and claimed on Tuesday that they illegally crossed the border for "economic reasons." Regarding Seoul's decision to raise the issue at the UN Human Rights Council,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], China merely repeated that this is not a matter that involves the council because the North Koreans are not refugees. How much longer will China refuse to hear the cries of young North Koreans?
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The film "Late Autumn" by director Kim Tae-young has been invited to the 61st Berlin International Film Festival. It will screen in the Forum section of the Berlinale, which kicks off on Feb. 10 and is one of the world's three major film festivals.

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Whether you're accused of a big crime or a petty theft, falling into a legal war is a disturbing experience. It can disrupt your social, professional, and personal life. Things can never be the same even after you're out of the mess. Imagine handling this alone! Well,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], you can't and you shouldn't.
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Remember,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], according to the law, a person is innocent until he or she is proven guilty. With the help of a Colorado DUI attorney,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], you have more chances of being acquitted as innocent. When you think there is no way out, a Denver criminal lawyer comes up with a promising solution to end or ease your misery. An authentic and experienced attorney fights until the end (of the case!). They are interested in your welfare. They endeavor to protect your rights, put up a strong defense for you,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and reduce the punishment.
By Conan Brown
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Crimes That Criminal Lawyers Deal With
A defense attorney deals with all sorts of crimes,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], ranging from DUI, drugs, petty and big thefts, sexual crimes, white collar crimes,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], forgeries, and violent crimes like murder, kidnapping, domestic violence, and others. Besides this,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], they deal with juvenile delinquency, firearms and illegal weapons possession,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], trespassing, cyber crimes, and others.
A Colorado DUI attorney is more defined by his or her skill, experience, and empathy than by the law degrees and that typical briefcase. When a person is arrested for a crime, it seems as if the entire world is against him or her. In such a situation, only a competent CO attorney can give the person the much-needed legal help and moral support. This can tremendously affect the mental condition of the accused. He or she might have a surge of hope and get the strength to tackle this phase of life.
The qualities of a Colorado DUI attorney include their integrity and accuracy with which they take legal decisions. This can tilt the case in the favor of their clients. Depending on the severity of the crime, even if they're unable to acquit the accused, they can at least reduce his or her sentence. In other words, you can save your life from crumbling like a cookie by hiring a good criminal lawyer.
The Working Of Criminal Defense Attorneys
A good Colorado DUI attorney can help you get back your driver's license,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. A DUI lawyer can even keep you out of jail,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. The importance of a Denver criminal defense attorney becomes manifold when you're accused of a crime you did not commit. Your lawyer has the knowledge and experience to establish a powerful defense,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
Most lawyers in Denver are affordable. They do not want to tear your pocket apart while getting back your life on track. They empathize with you. They want to pull you out of the legal mess as much as you want to be out. The only condition for a Colorado DUI attorney to work efficiently on your case is to be honest with them and do what they say. You must not hide any fact related to the case, as it might affect your chances of winning.
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Israel says it is speeding up deportation of hundreds of pro-Palestinian activists who were aboard ships stormed by Israeli commandos this week,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. The raid in the Mediterranean this week killed nine activists and sparked a storm of worldwide protests,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
More than 100 deported activists have arrived at the Jordanian border. They had hoped to break the blockade on Gaza but, instead,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], were taken by Israeli authorities early Wednesday on buses from a prison at Bersheeva in Israel to the Allenby bridge on Jordan's border.
Israel says it wants to get all of the activists out of the country within two days. The deportees are from countries including Indonesia,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Pakistan,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Mauritania, and a number of other nations that have no diplomatic ties with Israel.
Israel has released more video of the raid on the open sea,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. The sound of gunshots and shouting tell of violence in the moments that Israeli commandos descended from helicopters onto the deck of the Turkish-flagged main vessel of the flotilla.
One of the commandos,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], speaking to Israeli TV from his hospital bed,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], said activists attacked him first. He says those he encountered on the deck of the ship were not peace activists. He expected verbal and forceful opposition,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but not with such strength. He says each and every one who approached him on the deck,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], he could perceive was out to kill him.
Israel says its commandos acted in self-defense and said it regrets the loss of life. None of the explanations,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], however,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], have quelled the protests around the world.
In Turkey, anti-Israel demonstrations have prompted the Israeli government to order the families of Israeli diplomats to leave the country.
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The film "Late Autumn" by director Kim Tae-young has been invited to the 61st Berlin International Film Festival. It will screen in the Forum section of the Berlinale, which kicks off on Feb. 10 and is one of the world's three major film festivals.

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Of course, when you set up your Blogger’s Recipe Box,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], you are thinking about two things all the time – WHO is your ideal reader (probably your ideal coaching client) and WHY you are doing your blog (what you hope the blog will accomplish for you and your coaching business).
Here’s how I’ve organized my Blogger’s Recipe Box,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
Okay, it’s not exactly a recipe box. But you know what I mean.
2. Information
The information highway, better known as the internet, is a busy,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], time-consuming,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and overwhelming way for your readers to get their hands on the information they need and want. So do it for them. Jump on the internet, do the research, organize and filter the information, and then deliver that information in an easily consumed format – lists are very popular among blog readers.
By Laura Lowry
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7. Book or Product Review
People always want to know what other people thing about books, products, programs, etc. (There’s a reason why The New York Times Book Review is so popular.) Imagine how helpful a review of a book or product might be to your readers. Better yet,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], how about a comparison of the pros and cons of the top five (fill in the blank)?
“My what?”
So, there you have it – 10 recipes for what to blog about. Set up your Blogger’s Recipe Box and start collecting recipes. You’ll no longer dread asking yourself, “What should I blog about?”
3. FAQs
What questions do your clients ask most frequently? What answers do you find yourself repeating,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]? This is great material to mine for blog posts. You may even want to publicize that you will be doing a “Q&A” blog post in the near future and are soliciting questions for it. (This is a sneaky way to do some market research at the same time and find out what’s on your market’s mind.)
The only question that’s harder to answer than, “What’s for dinner?” is “What should I blog about?”
8,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. Promotions
I’m talking about promoting not just your own upcoming teleclasses, workshops, group coaching programs, and the like but also the activities of other people. Of course you need to be sure that your reader would be interested in the particular offering you are promoting. And you certainly don’t want every single blog post to be promotional in nature. But it’s a terrific way to get the word out about what you (or someone else) is doing in a not quite so salesy kind of way as a sales letter. Also, be sure some of your blog posts include information about free offerings as well.
4. Topical Issues
Blog about the topical issues that interest and/or affect your readers. Again, depending on your reader and the purpose of your blog, you may want to tackle topical issues that are only of interest to your specific readership or you may choose to address an issue of more general interest. Either way, the timeliness of blogging lends itself beautifully to timely topical issues. Plus,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], blogging about topical issues can be a great way to spark discussion and generate lots of comments on your blog.
6. Interviews
Interview blog posts are a win-win situation times two. The person being interviewed gets terrific exposure, thanks to you. Win #1. Your readers get valuable information, thanks to you. Win #2. You are everybody’s hero. Win #3. You get to give your readers a break from reading and give them an audio to listen to instead. Win #4. (If your readers don’t like receiving blog posts in audio format,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], then you can have the interview transcribed, but that will cost you some money.)
9,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. Your personal life and experiences
Some people will tell you that you should never, ever blog about your personal life and experiences in a business blog. I don’t agree, especially for those of us in the coaching business. However, a little bit goes a long way, and what you are blogging about needs to be interesting and relevant. My very first blog post was about the writer’s block I was experiencing as a first-time blogger and got an excellent response.
10. Guest bloggers
Guest bloggers are the writer’s equivalent of ordering a pizza for dinner. They can be a great solution to the “what on earth shall I blog about next” dilemma as long as you don’t overuse them. Plus, be strategic in who you choose to be your guest blogger – they need to be relevant,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], interesting, and interested in returning the favor.
5. Resources
There is nothing more reassuring and valuable than having someone you trust recommend a good resource to you,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], especially if they have used the resource themselves. And that is exactly the service you can provide for your readers. I’m not talking about beating the drum for everyone with whom you have an affiliation (although there is a time and place for that of course). I’m talking about knowing your reader/market so well, that you want to be sure they hear about (fill in the blank).
Author's Bio:
1. Solutions
What are the most pressing problems your readers face? What makes them toss and turn at night? What challenges are they spending their hard-earned dollars to try to overcome? Write about the solutions to these problems, the ways to overcome their most common challenges. (This post is an example of a solutions-oriented blog post.)
It’s time to get out your Blogger’s Recipe Box for inspiration.
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By Stephen Bessler
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Paid surveys reviews are influential ways for companies to advance their existing products get customer feedback and obtain innovative ideas from the public. With truthful and dependable data that you provide,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], you can earn an added income and take pleasure in better service and outstanding products from the companies.
Website design, written content, language proficiency also matter a great deal to the rating sites. If web links are broken or information is outdated,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the owner or the contact mentioned unavailable or unreachable,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], users tend to give bad reviews to the site. There are many things consumers should look for as a necessity while looking for a legit and high-status paid survey site.
Customers are the best judges for the performance of products, by having a survey,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], businesses can get the feedback and opinions of the customers they need. When companies get reliable paid survey reviews, they can take full advantage of their profit by adapting to the ideas of the clients. When customers give their opinion and suggestions, the company can use this information to create a new product lines to meet the existing needs in the market.
The paid surveys that are really popular with consumers earn high reviews and escalate a response with the takers. The numbers of surveys received from a company also attracts users to take them. Another sign to look for is sites asking for money instead of granting free membership,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], this doesn't set well with the clients. Free paid survey sites are well-known and believed to be authentic by users.
Here are the benefits of paid surveys reviews to commissioning businesses also. One of the principal benefits of companies in paid surveys reviews is that they are able to test the waters for their product or service before they actually develop it. This way,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], they can predict future problems and develop solutions even before the actual problem occurs.
To give people a better look at the situation of the paid survey sites, paid survey review sites are the best route to take. Good sites will provide membership instantly and free of cost encouraging more involvement. The number of surveys is important to make money so; you will obtain more surveys only if Survey Company has good reputation with brand businesses.
If you're a housewife, househusband, stay-at-home mom, stay-at-home dad,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], student,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], retired,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], working full-time,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], or just looking to make some extra cash, this is your ticket to enjoyable,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], easy money! Take phone surveys and you could earn as much as $120 an hour. Preview new movie trailers for $4 to $25 an hour. By going to review sites for the ratings of the paid surveys help users to calculate the performance and to discover alleged and legitimate paid survey sites.
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Consider who/what you are working towards very carefully. Sometimes the best way to figure out what we do want is through a serious examination of what it is that we do not want! Write out lists, pros and cons etc.

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Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has told Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas that he hopes to hold peace talks with the Palestinian leader in the near future,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu (file photo) A statement Sunday from the prime minister's office says Mr. Abbas had called Mr. Netanyahu to pass along his wishes on the Jewish Passover Holiday. The prime minister's office says Mr. Netanyahu spoke of past cooperation and discussions between the two leaders,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and told Mr. Abbas he intends to pursue similar talks in the future.
The conversation was the first between the two since Mr,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. Netanyahu was elected prime minister earlier this year,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. The prime minister's office said the conversation was warm and amicable,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
No date for future talks was discussed,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
The conversation between the two leaders comes one day after foreign ministers from five Arab countries and the Palestinian Authority met in Jordan to discuss Arab unity on the Middle East peace process,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
Jordan's Foreign Minister Nasser Judeh says the meeting Saturday in Amman was aimed at stressing Arab commitment to a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
Officials at the meeting also said they remain committed to a Saudi initiative on Arab-Israeli peace proposed in 2002,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. The plan calls for normalizing ties with Israel in exchange for its withdrawal from all land captured in the 1967 Six-Day War,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu has yet to endorse the idea of Palestinian statehood since taking office,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
Some information for this report was provided by AFP,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
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Mandela has been vulnerable to respiratory problems since contracting tuberculosis during his 27-year imprisonment for fighting apartheid, South Africa's white racist rule. He became South Africa's first black president in 1994.

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By Terry L. Weber
See all Articles by Terry WeberSee Terry Weber&#039,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych];s Expert PageGet Updates on ChristianityGet Updates on Terry Weber Average: 4,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].5 Your rating: None Average: 4,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].5 (2 votes) Tweet
At one time I had 20/20 vision and like everyone else I took it for granted and really thought nothing about it at all. Now that I am older and I need to wear glasses to correct my aging eyes,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], I realize more than ever what a blessing it was to have 20/20 vision back then when I was young.
So, even though the vision of my physical eyes is not what it used to be...I can still look with 20/20 hindsight at my life and see clearly that God is good, that He loves all of us, that He is in control and that we can trust Him to guide us carefully through the blind spots we encounter in this life because He sees our lives with clear and perfect -  - - twenty/twenty vision!
What I mean is that my vision of heaven and God's purpose - His vision - what He had in mind as He visualized my life even before I was born,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], is all becoming clearer to me. Why? Well, simply because I can now look back for many years and clearly see that the Lord has been guiding me, directing me,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and often holding me in the palm of His gentle, compassionate hands all during those crucial,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], agonizing, grief filled times in my past. In addition, now I can clearly see that He always saw to it that my life would also be filled with great,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], wonderful, exciting and joyous times as well.
Author's Bio:&nbsp,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych];
As I was thinking about my eyesight and my vision, the other day, I decided to look up "vision" in my Bible and I found that the Lord talks about vision more than seventy times. But as I looked at those verses I soon realized the Lord was not talking about vision as in "seeing" but rather vision as in "seeing a vision" you know, as in a revelation from heaven or a vision containing a prophecy. Well, now,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], that's a whole different kind of seeing. You know what? I have a feeling I'm getting better at that kind of vision as the years add up behind me. I don't mean I have more heavenly visions.
When I get up in the morning, I put my glasses on and find myself wearing them for the rest of my waking hours. I'm used to them I guess, but it sure would be nice if I didn't need them to correct my vision. Fact is, I have no choice. If I want to see what's going on around me I have to wear my glasses.
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Consider who/what you are working towards very carefully. Sometimes the best way to figure out what we do want is through a serious examination of what it is that we do not want! Write out lists, pros and cons etc.

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European markets reacted nonchalantly Monday after credit rating agency Standard & Poor's downgraded nine countries,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], including France and Austria,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], late Friday. The widely followed agency also reduced the ratings of Italy, Spain and Portugal, as well as Cyprus, Malta,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Slovakia, and Slovenia.
Far from the sharp drop some had expected,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Europe's major market indexes stayed close to their Friday closing levels for much of the day, finally closing up slightly. The main stock price averages in Germany and Britain were both up -- the German by more than one percent. Even in France,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], which suffered the small downgrade from its top credit rating Friday,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the market was up nearly a full percentage point.
Economist Zsolt Darvas at the Bruegel Institute in Brussels said despite Friday's big news from Standard & Poor's, Monday's market calm did not shock him.
"I think this is not that surprising. Basically,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], what happened is something that S&P initially has initially indicated,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], it has been decided. I think markets have anticipated," said Darvas.
Darvas noted that bond markets also were relatively calm Monday,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], even though France and the other downgraded countries will have to pay higher interest rates on their bonds. France had no trouble selling 8.5 billion euros worth of short-term bonds. The French president noted his country still enjoys the highest rating from the two other major credit agencies.
Currency markets were somewhat more volatile,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], with the euro losing a quarter of a percentage point against the dollar. But Darvis is not concerned, saying the euro's value has been unjustifiably high in recent months.
"What happened in the past few days and during last week is that the euro became less over-valued than it was before. So I think that nothing wrong has happened to the euro so far," said Darvas.
Although the credit downgrades did not have a big impact on the markets Monday, they do provide further warning signs for the economic state of Europe.
The credit crisis is spreading beyond over-indebted countries like Greece, Italy,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Spain,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Portugal and Ireland to more solid economies like France and Austria. Darvas said that means the situation European leaders were trying to avoid is now more likely.
"I think it is increasingly likely that the euro zone will face a recession this year. It will be very, very difficult to avoid it," said Darvas.
Darvas and other experts say European leaders need to do more to support the troubled economies and promote economic growth -- subjects that will be high on the agenda at the next European Union summit at the end of this month.
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Mandela has been vulnerable to respiratory problems since contracting tuberculosis during his 27-year imprisonment for fighting apartheid, South Africa's white racist rule. He became South Africa's first black president in 1994.

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It is not the purpose of this article to discuss the benefits of such sessions on residents, which, if done correctly, and with the right intention, are profound. I am instead interested in the effect on the volunteers,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], specifically on how such outreaches can benefit the playing of those learning instruments (even though the outreach center round singing, not playing).
3. Some recent work, for example, has stressed the generally therapeutic nature of altruism; See Richard L. Curwin, “The Healing Power of Altruism,” Education Leadership, November 1993, 36-39; also John Diamond, M. D., The Veneration of Life: Through the Disease to the Soul (Bloomingdale, IL: Enhancement Books, 2000),4; The latter author has also extensively discussed the use of altruism in music.; See Life Enhancement through Music (Bloomingdale, IL: Enhancement Books, in press), passim.
Although it has roots that are much older, instrumental music teaching as we know it today is really a product of the nineteenth century. The revolutionary aesthetic of Romanticism brought with it major changes in the dissemination of art music in Europe and North America. The new approach was most typically reflected in the rise of the public concert which came into its own in the Romantic era. The symbol of this was the touring instrumental virtuoso, such as Paganini on the violin and Liszt on the piano, who were, along with successful operatic artists, the musical superstars of the day. Romanticism glorified these instrumental performers in a way that they never had been before. In doing so, the performers became wealthy and famous, reaching through their incessant touring, fine promotion, and ear-catching pyrotechnics, a much wider public than had ever been available to audiences of earlier times.
By Peter Muir Ph.D. Dip.I.M.H.
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However, there is more involved than this. The outreach situation is particularly helpful for encouraging this attitude on the part of the visiting musician, far more so than say giving a solo at a concert, which, of course, is much more likely to aggravate a student’s performance fears rather than alleviate them. There are several reasons why an outreach is the optimum situation for encouraging musical altruism.
Translating Outreach Philosophy into Instrumental Playing
We can summarize all this by saying the starting point in music pedagogy is “getting it right”: in tune, right fingers, right notes. This inevitably has the effect of making the student continually focus on, and worry about, this aspect, i. e., the music and not the Music. It creates a climate of fear, where the student is encouraged to constantly judge himself for his mistakes, and to assume that others—initially his teacher, later an audience—are doing the same.
Let me make a distinction between Music—capital M—and the music—small m. By using the upper case, I refer to the higher qualities that make music important and vital: creativity, expression and interpretation, the qualities that are last to be applied in traditional pedagogy. By the small m, I refer to the lower, technical, qualities. A child who takes up an instrument does so as a means of higher expression, in other words, Music. Instead the focus is on the technical, the music. It is not surprising that so many children give up their instruments.
The Musical Outreach Program at Green Briar Retirement Community
Thus the student is encouraged to direct his music to someone when he plays. In its simplest form, this process is purely mental, i. e., just imagining the person who is being played to. But the experience is much more powerful if the person is in the room with the player. This is where musical outreach in places like seniors’ homes is so valuable, for it gives a physical reality to the process of directing out with the music.
© Peter Muir 2005
No part of this article may be repoduced without the consent of the author.
The third difference between and outreach and a concert is that the student is encouraged to relate to his “audience” as individuals. In a concert, the audience is anonymous to the performer. He will not know most of the listeners. Even if he does, it is extremely hard to relate to all of them at one time. There are too many, and in any case the gulf between the audience and the performer in a standard concert set-up scarcely helps. Often in a theater, because of bright stage lighting, it is impossible for the performer even to see his audience, much less to relate to them. In an outreach situation like the one at Green Briar there are no such difficulties, and where visits are on a regular basis,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the residents become well-known to the volunteers, and vice versa. This, along with the smaller numbers, and informality of the setting, make it easy for students to relate to residents. To maximize this, we recommend close and direct contact wherever possible: move as close to the resident during the music-making as he/she will allow; take their hands; look into their eyes (this last is particularly important).
4. Undated testimonial of Margeret McGovern in possession of author.
1. February 1918, p. 93.
The basic approach is as follows. We largely sing older style Tin Pan Songs which are familiar to residents. Helpers encourage residents to join in with the singing and dancing/moving with them wherever appropriate. This is not a formal performance in any usual sense. On the contrary, the more informal and relaxed the atmosphere, the more active residents tend to become; and the more active the residents, the longer-lasting the benefits of the music. The effect of the music-making is enhanced by the volunteers engaging as directly and as interactively with the residents as possible, holding hands, making eye contact, etc. The outreaches are largely musically unaccompanied, though instruments are used in certain situations discussed below.
The reluctance of music pedagogy to accept new styles is symptomatic of a deeper problem. For while the focus of music teaching has shifted healthily away from “the few who may become the professional musicians of tomorrow” to “the many who want to participate in music,” the philosophy of music teaching has not fundamentally changed: it has simply softened its hard edges to accommodate the masses. A student learning an instrument still expects his teacher to focus on the technical, just as he would have done a century ago. The emphasis is still on practicing scales, playing in tune, using the correct fingering. Of course, there are individual exceptions, but this is still the general culture.
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2. Joyce Cameron, “The Role of Self-Esteem in Learning,” in Proceedings of the National Conference of Piano Pedagogy 1990-91 (Los Angeles: National Conference of Piano Pedagogy, 1991), 88.
It would be naïve to suggest that nothing has changed in music pedagogy since this article appeared. Mainstream pedagogical methods are now somewhat less technically oriented and fearsomely hegemonic than was once the case. What has, I believe, spurred this changed more than anything else is the weakening hold of classical music in Western societies and the corresponding rise of American vernacular music (jazz, blues, rock, etc.) in the twentieth century, whose spectacular popularity through its dissemination in mass-culture has displaced classical music as the principle musical lingua franca of Western, and, more recently, of global society. Consequently,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], when the average child at the beginning of the twenty-first century decides to take up an instrument he is more likely to want to learn Beatles than Beethoven.
The Benefits of Community Music Outreach Programs for Music Students
As instrumental virtuosity acquired a new prominence, pedagogy rose to the fore. Fuelled by new technology that dramatically lowered the cost, and thus accessibility, of sheet music, and a growing, musically literate middle-class thirsty for cultural improvement, pedagogy became for the first time big business in the nineteenth century. Hundreds of composers created pedagogical material for almost every type of instrument that ranged from the mechanics of Czerny’s exercises, to the mastery of Chopin’s etudes. Emphasis was placed on the technical: the higher qualities of a performance—expression, interpretation and so forth—could really only be effectively added after the work had been mechanically mastered. What is known as the “Once More with Feeling” school.
Footnotes
The Institute for Music and Health has been running a COMP since January 2000 at Green Briar Retirement Community in Millbrook, NY. Residents are mostly fairly high functioning seniors, although most have medical problems, many displaying early symptoms of Alzheimer’s or senile dementia. A typical outreach session lasts about seventy minutes. The IMH generally brings at five volunteers to an outreach, and often more than ten. The number of residents attending the outreach usually averages around twenty.
The process explored in this paper—attending regular musical outreaches and applying the experience to the playing of the student’s instrument—is well described in the following testimonial from a fifteen-year-old clarinet student at Ravensong Studio who attended a series of music outreaches at Green Briar:
At the time of writing, we have only been taking our students on a limited basis to Green Briar, and though the first results are highly encouraging and we plan to extend the program, the present discussion is basically a position paper more theoretical/philosophical in approach than based on experimental results. I will begin by discussing, and placing in its historical context, the current state of mainstream instrumental pedagogy as it exists in America, and, as far as I am aware, most of the Western world, before going on to explore how musical outreaches can help counteract a certain imbalance inherent in traditional musical pedagogy.
The result of this is an unhealthy inwardness on the part of the musician. He is focusing on himself in his performance, worrying about how he is being judged: “How am I doing?” “What do they think of me?”. This self-consciousness is the start of all stage-fright and is completely counterproductive—everyone performs worse when nervous. Therefore we are left with a paradox: overemphasis on technique ultimately undermines technique. The teaching of musical instruments should be done in a way to lessen self-consciousness; instead it exacerbates it, thereby undercutting what it is trying to achieve.
In this paper I explore that the notion, based on my own teaching practice, that regular attendance on Community Outreach Music Programs (COMPs) by music students can be of great benefit to the learning of their musical instruments. I will begin with a general description of a typical COMP.
This process can be catalyzed by gradually introducing instrumental playing at the outreach. I give an example from my recent experience. A sixteen year-old trumpet student is extremely gifted, but shy and self-conscious about his music-making on his instrument. He started to come regularly to musical outreaches, including Green Briar, with his father, who is himself highly musical and encouraging of his son adopting an altruistic approach with his music-making. At first the son was reluctant to do anything other than sing. As his musical identity strengthened through the outreaches, however,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], he gradually became more confident, although he was still unwilling to play. There was even an in-between stage when he would bring his trumpet to the outreach but not play it! Eventually he did start to play, much to the delight of the residents. Recently, he has started also playing solos in concerts. When he plays, he does so with remarkable confidence, with absolutely no trace of stage-fright. As a result his playing is extremely creative and expressive. In other words, the outreach process has encouraged him to make Music rather than music,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and from this point of view,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], he is exceptional.
Conclusion
These four factors—the residents’ comparatively uncritical approach, the communal aspect, relating to the “audience” as individuals, and basing the outreach around singing—create a unique environment where the student is encouraged to use his music altruistically.
While the music profession has accommodated, it has only done so only grudgingly. Read through old editions of any mainstream pedagogical journal such as The Etude, you will see how conservative it is, how protective of “good” (i. e. classical) music against the perceived threat of popular styles. The overall impression is that the democratization of repertoire and broadening of playing styles in music teaching is a thoroughly “bottom-up” revolution,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], only reluctantly accepted by the old guard. This has various class implications which I do not want to pursue here, except to say, that this conservatism in music teaching is one reflected by society as a whole: all vernacular styles have, almost by definition, started off as working class music, and have usually gained general acceptance only after tremendous resistance from above.
When the altruistic attitude developed through musical outreach is integrated into the student’s playing, what are the effects? There are several.
1. Reducing self-criticism in the student naturally makes the whole music-learning process far more enjoyable and satisfying.
2. Outreaches show the student that his music-making can have a positive effect on an audience. This gives his playing a whole extra meaning that does not normally result from regular pedagogy.
3. Students who attend outreaches on a regular basis tend to develop excellent aural skills because of the emphasis on singing. This can be reinforced by getting to them to play the songs they sing at the outreach on their instruments without using written music.
4. The altruistic attitude improves technique. That is the opposite side of the paradox discussed earlier that prioritizing technique in music-teaching ultimately undermines technique by encouraging a self-critical mindset. By contrast, when the student stops thinking self-critically, he is able to give of his best in every sense, including the technical.
5. In the most general sense, the general adoption of an altruistic attitude is a most desirable goal in the education and the social development of the young.
Traditional Music Instrument Pedagogy
Second, the outreach is communal in nature. This takes pressure off the individual student and thus helps alleviate performance anxiety,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], as working in groups is easier than performing solo. Perhaps even more important than this, in an outreach the audience is taking part as well as the performers, singing along and dancing/moving. This creates a climate of comforting informality for the student. After all, if the seniors, who in most instances have had no musical training, are not self-conscious about their involvement with the music, why should the student be? In fact, an outreach is not really a performance situation in the usual sense with a clear demarcation between performers and audience. Most times boundaries are blurred. At Green Briar we have even had situations where the audience/performer relationship is reversed, when a resident will enthusiastically lead us in a song he knows better than we do!
In the first place, seniors in a home are far less critical than a concert audience tends to be. So many seniors in establishments such as Green Briar are lonely and depressed. Visitors and music-making are therefore nearly always welcome. Furthermore, experience shows that as the physical/mental condition of the residents deteriorates they become needier of music, and thus are ever less critical of what they hear.
This statement raises an important issue which is that outreaches can at first be an intimidating experience for many students. For one thing, those who learn instruments are often not happy to sing. There are various reasons for this, but, basically if a student is self-conscious about his playing,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], he is likely to be about his singing also. All the more reason to go on the outreach! The experience of many students is like that of the student in the testimonial: shyness, even fear, at first, but gradually gaining confidence as the climate of the outreach becomes more familiar. Another reason for students being intimidated on outreach is that the deteriorated condition of some of the residents in a home can be frightening at first, although, as the students begin to relate intimately with residents, this situation improves. We do find students who refuse to go on outreach for these reasons, but most are ultimately amenable. This is particularly true of younger children who are in every sense less self-conscious than those in their teens.
Lastly, outreaches are geared around singing, not around the student’s instrument. This is important for two reasons. First, we have found that residents tend to stop singing when instruments are used. Instead, they start to view the situation as a performance, and a formal distance is created between performers and audience, which works against creating a climate of altruism. Second, singing requires less effort on the part of the student than playing. Like the residents, the student can “just sing.” When playing his instrument on the other hand, he is less spontaneous as he is constantly worrying about whether he has the right note, if it is in tune, etc.
If the central problem of music instrument teaching is the self-consciousness it engenders, its solution is the adoption of other-consciousness, to encourage the student to put his attention on the other rather than on his self. The Latin for “self” is ego; for “other” it is alter. We replace egotism with altruism.
Once in place, this philosophy dominated the pedagogical landscape. It is strikingly represented by Figure 1, an illustration from an article by Aubertine Woodward Moore entitled, appropriately enough, “From Mechanical Foundation to Artistic Triumph,” which appeared in the American mainstream music education journal The Etude in 1918. The “Mechanical Foundation” of the title is represented by heavy-duty industrial machinery at the bottom of the hill,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], while “Artistic Triumph” is depicted at the top by a castle. Note that higher playing qualities (“phrasing,” “expression,” “interpretation”) occur near the top of the hill, while the drudge aspects of practice (“industry,” “daily exercises,” “scales”) are placed near the bottom. One other point. As you follow the zig-zag pathway up the hill, you will see it becomes increasingly less populated. This is a surprisingly honest, if perhaps unconscious, statement of a design flaw in the entire system: most students give up their instruments. In a philosophy that views learning an instrument as—here,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], literally—an uphill struggle, only a few get to the summit. And when getting to the summit is seen as the only worthwhile goal of the venture—the term “Artistic Triumph” clearly sells it as a winner-takes-all affair—not getting to the summit is viewed (by both student and teacher) as a failure. In this curiously Darwinian view of education only the fittest survive. The rest fall by the wayside.
When I got [to the outreach] for the first time, I realized how scared I was. We entered a small, sunny room with a fish tank,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a rack of magazines, and a view of a dining room that was much too yellow. There was a circle of old ladies and a few old men in chairs. . . I sang softly in a corner, feeling like I had been thrown without warning into cold water. Harsh as it seemed at the time, it worked. I slowly lost my shyness as I realized that these people were not here to judge us. Once I forgot to worry about being right, I became a thousand times more expressive. I thought if I could apply this new-found freedom to my not-so-shabby clarinet playing, how much better I would be. So I slowly began to change. I took more risks and tried to concentrate on the meaning of the song, the emotions it was intended to portray, rather than just notes on the page. I had begun to grasp the purpose of music. It was suddenly a lot easier and a lot more fun. . .I have improved as a musician and have become a more sensitive person.
Attending regular musical outreaches is, however, only a first stage, for the ultimate goal is to translate the altruistic experience of outreach into the student’s instrumental playing. This happens to an extent by osmosis. As the student becomes more altruistically inclined with the outreaches, the beneficial effects will become generalized to all his music-making. Ultimately the aim is to see all performance, indeed all music-making, as an outreach.
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Korea ranked third among 30 OECD member states in terms of the ratio of education spending to GDP but at bottom in terms of happiness and had the longest working hours,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
According to the "OECD Factbook 2009" released Monday, Korea ranks third with a 7.2 percent ratio of public education spending to GDP as of 2005, behind Iceland (8 percent) and Denmark (7.4 percent). But the country topped the list with a 2.9 percent ratio of private education spending to GDP,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], more than three times the OECD average of 0.8 percent.
Korea came in fourth with a 31.8 percent ratio of self-employed businesspeople to all employed people,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], about double the average of 16.1 percent. This suggests that Korea is in greater danger than any other country in a recession.
However,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the country ranked at the bottom in terms of life satisfaction. In a survey of career interest, pride and annual leave among 1,000 people aged 15 or older in each member state in 2008, Korea finished 24th with 23.1 out of 100 points, much lower than the average of 54.3 points.
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As of 2007,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a Korean worked 2,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],316 hours, the longest among member states and 548 hours more than the average of 1,768. In terms of eight-hour work days,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], this means that Koreans worked 69 days more than their counterparts. The Dutch worked the shortest hours with 1,392. The Japanese (1,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],785 hours) and Americans (1,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],794 hours) also worked fewer hours.
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Mandela has been vulnerable to respiratory problems since contracting tuberculosis during his 27-year imprisonment for fighting apartheid, South Africa's white racist rule. He became South Africa's first black president in 1994.

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Now, I could have given you three things to “do” that may help a bit with dealing with perfectionism. I have discovered, though,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], that if a person does not start addressing the core issue of self-image or limiting beliefs about “how life is,” just getting the next “3 Steps to Success” action steps will not change your quality of life. You will simply have more “to do.” The next level of personal growth is true inner transformation by learning how to dump the conditioned perceptions that are limiting HOW you see yourself relative to life. I do want to emphasize here the need to have compassion, or at least intend to develop compassion for yourself. When you do, this process actually becomes easier. You will also have more patience and compassion for others.
I was also sucked into believing back then that if I could achieve more, then I could “have” more, and then I would be “more happy.” Well, one day I finally woke up. I realized that there is a very big difference between “perfectionism” and excellence. I also started to take steps to change my thinking and to rid myself of these beliefs. Here are three examples of what I did at the level of self-identity.
1. I made an intention to begin to like myself,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], so called “flaws” and all. So, what’s wrong with having flaws, anyway? Why are we so worried about being “perfect,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],” and who gets to say what this is, anyway? Well, it worked and I have discovered that as I learned how to disconnect the brain’s version of the “Mental Me” and become aware of my authentic True Self, it is getting quite easy, quite frankly. “Mental Me” is the source of the inner critic voice in the first place.
Actually, I really was smart, successful and competent… I just didn’t really believe I was on the inside. My inner critic worked overtime no matter how many tests I aced, how much money I made,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], or how many successful eye surgeries I performed. So, of course, I was always driven to “do” more because I thought if I could just do more, I could “be” more.
Perfectionism will reduce your personal power and effectiveness. I used to take pride in saying I was a “perfectionist” until I started to realize WHY I was a perfectionist. Truth was, I felt insecure and “making a mistake” pushed my “not good enough” button that I was doing my best to conceal. I was great at putting on a mask that appeared by most people’s account as smart,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], successful and competent.
Author's Bio:
2. I used to think like most people that the order to achieve goals should be “do,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], be,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], have.” I realized that I had it backwards. Actually, our state of being (the “be”) will determine what we do unconsciously and what runs our life is 95% unconscious. If you don’t know how to change your subconscious/unconscious, getting things done or being effective/efficient can be really “hard work.” This is why I felt like a fake. I was trying to “do” so that I would look good and feel good about myself, but in my subconscious I did not really feel in alignment; hence,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], I felt like a “fake.” Start with authentic being and your life will flow much easier. Now that I am (“be) congruent with “smart,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], successful and competent,” I feel less stress, get more done in less time, and I don’t worry about “making mistakes” very often. Beside,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], making mistakes is only “learning”; it’s no big deal. I am worthy because I breathe – how about that! And, my inner critic rarely bothers me.
By Valencia Ray, MD
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Personal power and self-image is tied to how we “see” our self, and we can truly change this when we know how. I feel like a new person because I think and believe like a new person. Of course,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], I am also a better leader, friend, wife and mother, and I enjoy my life more and more. You have more potential than you realize.
3. What I “do” is NOT who I “am” (or “be”). When we get this one, workaholism will decline sharply. I was a perfectionistic workaholic avoiding my feelings and trying to find significance and affirmation in my “doing” – my work. I was not dealing with my state of being. Admittedly, it was more difficult for me back then when I did not understand how my brain was hijacking my personal power and I did not know how to retrain my brain to get the inner critic to get on my team instead of being my enemy. I also did not understand the importance of integrating my mind with my heart and taking care of my whole self – spirit, soul and body. What a difference knowing how to do this – and doing it – is making!
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Scientists say they have reversed age-related degeneration in mice,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], resulting in an improvement in the rodents' fertility and the growth of new brain tissue. But it could be some time before the technique might be used in humans.
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Scientists at Harvard University's Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston report they were able to reverse signs of aging in mice by tweaking a gene that protects cells from the harmful,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], cumulative effects associated with growing old. The gene is involved in the production of structures at the tips of DNA chromosomes called telomeres.
Telomeres are like the plastic caps on the ends of shoe laces that keep them from becoming frayed. In the case of chromosomes, the telomeres protect the strands of DNA from environmental assaults such as chemical and radiation exposure. But every time a cell divides, its telemeres shorten, eventually leading to DNA damage and aging.
In studies with mice, researchers switched off the telomerase gene and watched the rodents rapidly develop age-related impairments.
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However,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], when they turned the genes back on,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the animals' declines reversed. "Their fertility was restored. We also saw a big effect on the lining of the intestines and as well as in the brain, which was a little bit unexpected," says lead researcher Mariela Jaskelioff. "We actually saw a decrease in the size of the brains of these mice with premature aging. And we could reverse these by reactivating telomerase."
The mice in the study were at an age equivalent of an 80- or 90-year-old human,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. Researchers restored them to middle age by turning on the telomerase gene.
Despite the encouraging results,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the genetic manipulation is not the secret to eternal youth for humans. Jaskelioff says the telomerase gene is involved in the growth of both normal and cancerous cells. "The fear is that in humans,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], adult humans, we accumulate mutations all through our lifetimes," she says. "And if we were to reactivate telomerase in cells that have malignant mutations,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], then the propensity to develop cancer would probably be exacerbated."
However,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], according to Jaskelioff, it might be possible to stimulate the telomerase gene for short periods of time in people with a rare disorder which causes premature aging.
Scientists describe how they reversed aging in mice in an article published in the journal Nature Medicine,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
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Mandela has been vulnerable to respiratory problems since contracting tuberculosis during his 27-year imprisonment for fighting apartheid, South Africa's white racist rule. He became South Africa's first black president in 1994.

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Korean companies listed on the domestic stock market are set to enjoy huge increases in net profit this year thanks to strong performances at home and abroad,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
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Mandela has been vulnerable to respiratory problems since contracting tuberculosis during his 27-year imprisonment for fighting apartheid, South Africa's white racist rule. He became South Africa's first black president in 1994.